/* =========================================================
   AMPERE Lab — 연구실형(전지 소재) 전용 스타일 (랜딩 키트 style.css 위에 더한다)
   기준: dicolab-design references/lab-site.md(구성 비교표·논문 목록 표준) · benchmark-univ.md
   구성: 넓은 화면은 왼쪽 세로 고정 막대(위쪽 머리 없음) · 흰 바탕 큰 글자 히어로 + 층으로 벌린 전지 ·
         가로 연혁 → 큰 번호 연구 줄 → 원소 타일 → 사람 띠 → 최근 논문 → 소식 + 라임 문의 판
   색: 선명하게(lab-vivid-colors) — 흰 바탕 + 남흑 + 전기 라임(주 버튼·강조) + 핫핑크·인디고(분야 색)
   ========================================================= */
:root {
  --c-ink: #0B1020;
  --c-text: #1E2333;
  --c-muted: #586079;
  --c-line: #E1E4EC;
  --c-line-strong: #8C93A8;
  --c-bg: #fff;
  --c-surface: #F3F5F9;
  --c-gray: #ECEFF4;
  --c-primary: #4B3BFF;      /* 글자 인디고 — 흰 바탕 4.5:1 이상 */
  --c-primary-deep: #0B1020;
  --c-primary-soft: #ECEAFF;
  --c-lime: #B6F500;
  --c-li: #B6F500; --c-na: #FF2E63; --c-ss: #4B3BFF;
  --c-notice-bg: #FFE9EF; --c-notice: #C8103E;
  --font-display: "Space Grotesk", "Pretendard Variable", Pretendard, var(--font-body);
  --font-mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  --radius-xl: 4px; --radius: 4px; --radius-sm: 3px;
  --aside-w: 248px;
}
.mono { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; letter-spacing: 0; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.sec-title, .intro__lead { letter-spacing: -0.035em; }
.sec-title b, .intro__lead b { color: var(--c-primary); }
.sec-title--duo { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.03em; }
.sec-title--duo .t-light { font-weight: 300; color: var(--c-muted); }
.btn--lime { background: var(--c-lime); color: var(--c-ink); }
.btn--lime:hover { background: #CBFF3A; color: var(--c-ink); }
.btn--line { border: 1.5px solid var(--c-ink); background: transparent; color: var(--c-ink); }
.btn--line:hover { background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }
.linklike { padding: 4px 0; border: 0; background: none; cursor: pointer; font: inherit; font-weight: 700; color: var(--c-primary); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; }
.fine { margin-top: 18px; font-size: .875rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--c-muted); }
.ko-tag { margin-left: 6px; padding: 0 5px; border: 1px solid currentColor; border-radius: 3px; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: .625rem; font-weight: 600; vertical-align: 2px; opacity: .7; }

/* ---------- 머리: 넓은 화면 = 왼쪽 세로 고정 막대 ---------- */
.site-header.aside { background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; border: 0; backdrop-filter: none; }
.aside .logo__ko { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; color: #fff; }
.aside .logo__en { font-size: .6875rem; letter-spacing: .01em; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6); }
.aside .util-btn { color: #fff; }
.aside .util-btn:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1); }
.aside .menu-btn { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1); }
.aside :is(.menu-btn__bars, .menu-btn__bars::before, .menu-btn__bars::after) { background: #fff; }
.lang { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: .8125rem; font-weight: 600; }
.lang .i-globe { width: 18px; height: 18px; margin-right: 4px; }
.lang a { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; min-width: 36px; min-height: 32px; padding: 0 6px; border-radius: 3px; color: inherit; opacity: .7; }
.lang a:hover { opacity: 1; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; }
.lang a[aria-current="true"] { opacity: 1; background: var(--c-lime); color: var(--c-ink); }
.lang span { opacity: .4; }
.lang--menu { margin: 18px 0 10px; color: var(--c-ink); }
.lang--menu a[aria-current="true"] { background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  :root { --header-h: 0px; }
  body { padding-left: var(--aside-w); }
  .site-header.aside { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; z-index: 100; display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: var(--aside-w); height: auto; padding: 28px 18px 22px; }
  .aside__logo { padding-left: 6px; }
  .snav { margin-top: 44px; }
  .snav__list { display: grid; gap: 2px; }
  .snav__item { position: relative; }
  .snav__link { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 12px 10px; border-left: 3px solid transparent; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-weight: 700; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78); }
  .snav__n { font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-lime); opacity: .75; }
  .snav__item:hover > .snav__link, .snav__item:focus-within > .snav__link { color: #fff; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .06); }
  .snav__item.is-current > .snav__link { color: #fff; border-left-color: var(--c-lime); }
  .snav__sub { position: absolute; left: calc(100% + 6px); top: 0; z-index: 2; min-width: 230px; padding: 8px; border-radius: 4px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(11, 16, 32, .28); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateX(-8px); transition: opacity .2s, transform .2s var(--ease), visibility 0s .2s; }
  .snav__item:hover .snav__sub, .snav__item:focus-within .snav__sub { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; transition-delay: 0s; }
  .snav__sub a { display: block; padding: 10px 12px; border-radius: 3px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-ink); }
  .snav__sub a:hover { background: var(--c-surface); }
  .snav__sub a[aria-current="page"] { background: var(--c-lime); }
  .aside__util { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-top: auto; padding-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .14); }
  .aside__util .lang { width: 100%; color: #fff; }
  .aside__cta { flex: 1 1 100%; justify-content: center; }
  .aside__util .menu-btn { margin-left: auto; }
}
@media (max-width: 1023px) {
  .site-header.aside { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 100; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 8px; height: var(--header-h); padding: 0 12px 0 16px; }
  .snav, .aside__cta { display: none; }
  .aside__util { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2px; }
  .aside__util .lang .i-globe { width: 16px; height: 16px; margin-right: 2px; }
  .aside__util .lang a { min-width: 30px; font-size: .75rem; }
  .aside .logo__en { display: none; }
}

/* ---------- 메인 히어로: 영상처럼 (2026-10-29 사용자 지시 「히어로부문 영역을 전체 활용해서 영상을 보듯이」 · 「아직도 이상해」로 다시) ----------
   막대 오른쪽 전체·화면 높이를 캔버스 한 장(전극 단면 접사 영상, js/ampere.js)이 채운다. 글자는 왼쪽·아래 짙은 그러데이션 위.
   스크립트가 없으면 짙은 남색 바탕에 글자만 보인다. */
.vh { position: relative; isolation: isolate; overflow: hidden; display: grid; grid-template-rows: 1fr auto; min-height: calc(100svh - var(--sample-banner-h, 0px)); background: #070A14; color: #fff; }
.vh__stage { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; }
.vh__canvas { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }
.vh::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 0; pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(5, 7, 15, .95) 0%, rgba(5, 7, 15, .86) 34%, rgba(5, 7, 15, .35) 52%, rgba(5, 7, 15, 0) 66%),
              linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(5, 7, 15, .95) 0%, rgba(5, 7, 15, 0) 36%),
              radial-gradient(ellipse at 65% 45%, rgba(5, 7, 15, 0) 50%, rgba(5, 7, 15, .6) 100%); }
.vh__callout { position: absolute; right: 7%; top: 30%; z-index: 1; display: grid; gap: 2px; max-width: 280px; margin: 0; padding: 12px 16px; border-left: 3px solid #A99BFF; background: rgba(5, 7, 15, .72); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.4; opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); transition: opacity .6s .9s, transform .6s .9s; }
.vh__callout span { font-size: .6875rem; letter-spacing: .12em; color: #A99BFF; }
.vh[data-scene="solid"] .vh__callout { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.vh__copy { position: relative; z-index: 1; align-self: end; max-width: 700px; padding: 120px clamp(22px, 4vw, 72px) 28px; }
.ahero__eyebrow { font-size: .8125rem; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.vh .ahero__eyebrow { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65); }
.ahero__title { margin-top: 16px; font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 1rem + 4.6vw, 6rem); line-height: 1.04; letter-spacing: -0.055em; color: #fff; }
.ahero__title span { display: block; }
.ahero__title mark { padding: 0 .06em; background: none; color: var(--c-lime); box-shadow: inset 0 -.12em 0 rgba(182, 245, 0, .45); }
.ahero__desc { margin-top: 20px; max-width: 28em; font-size: var(--fs-lead); line-height: 1.7; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82); }
.ahero__btns { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-top: 28px; }
.btn--ghostw { border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .7); background: transparent; color: #fff; }
.btn--ghostw:hover { background: #fff; color: var(--c-ink); }
/* 재생 막대 — 자막 · 재생·정지 · 시간 · 진행 막대 · 장면 단추 */
.vh__bar { position: relative; z-index: 1; display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto minmax(100px, 1fr) auto; align-items: center; gap: 10px 18px; padding: 14px clamp(22px, 4vw, 72px) 20px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .12); background: rgba(5, 7, 15, .55); }
.vh__cap { grid-column: 1 / -1; order: -1; margin: 0; font-size: .75rem; letter-spacing: .08em; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78); }
.vh__play { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 44px; height: 44px; border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .7); border-radius: 50%; background: none; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; }
.vh__play:hover { background: #fff; color: var(--c-ink); }
.vh__play span { display: block; width: 10px; height: 12px; border-left: 3px solid currentColor; border-right: 3px solid currentColor; }
.vh__play[aria-pressed="true"] span { width: 0; height: 0; border: 0; border-left: 11px solid currentColor; border-top: 7px solid transparent; border-bottom: 7px solid transparent; margin-left: 3px; }
.vh__time { font-size: .8125rem; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75); white-space: nowrap; }
.vh__track { position: relative; height: 3px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .22); }
.vh__track i { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 0; background: var(--c-lime); }
.vh__track b { position: absolute; top: -3px; width: 2px; height: 9px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55); }
.vh__chs { display: flex; gap: 4px; }
.vh__ch { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; min-height: 36px; padding: 0 12px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .3); border-radius: 999px; background: none; font: inherit; font-size: .8125rem; font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72); cursor: pointer; }
.vh__ch span { font-size: .6875rem; color: var(--c-lime); }
.vh__ch:hover { border-color: #fff; color: #fff; }
.vh__ch[aria-pressed="true"] { border-color: #fff; background: #fff; color: var(--c-ink); }
.vh__ch[aria-pressed="true"] span { color: var(--c-primary); }
.reduce-motion .vh__play, .reduce-motion .vh__time, html:not(.js) .vh__bar { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 1023px) {
  .vh { min-height: min(calc(100svh - var(--sample-banner-h, 0px) - var(--header-h)), 760px); }
  .vh::after { background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(5, 7, 15, .97) 0%, rgba(5, 7, 15, .88) 46%, rgba(5, 7, 15, .15) 72%, rgba(5, 7, 15, 0) 100%); }
  .vh__copy { padding-top: 42vh; }
  .vh__callout { right: auto; left: 16px; top: 16px; }
  .vh__bar { grid-template-columns: auto auto minmax(60px, 1fr); }
  .vh__chs { grid-column: 1 / -1; overflow-x: auto; }
}
/* 층 살펴보기 띠 (히어로 바로 아래) */
.lyband { padding: 26px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); background: #fff; }
.lyband__grid { display: grid; gap: 14px; align-items: center; }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { .lyband__grid { grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr) 320px; gap: 24px; } }
.lyband__t { display: grid; gap: 2px; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.03em; }
.lyband__t span { font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; color: var(--c-primary); }
.cell__labels { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 4px; }
@media (min-width: 640px) { .cell__labels { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.ly-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; width: 100%; min-height: 42px; padding: 0 12px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-line); border-radius: 999px; background: #fff; font: inherit; font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 600; text-align: left; color: var(--c-ink); cursor: pointer; }
.ly-btn i { flex: none; width: 12px; height: 12px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-ink); border-radius: 3px; }
.ly-btn:hover { border-color: var(--c-ink); }
.ly-btn[aria-pressed="true"] { border-color: var(--c-ink); background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }
.ly-btn[aria-pressed="true"] i { border-color: #fff; }
.cell__card { padding: 16px; border-radius: 4px; background: var(--c-ink); color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82); }
.cell__k { font-size: .6875rem; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--c-lime); }
.cell__t { margin-top: 2px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 800; color: #fff; }
.cell__d { margin-top: 6px; font-size: .875rem; line-height: 1.55; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .vh__callout { transition: none; } }

/* ---------- 연혁: 가로 시간 줄 ---------- */
.tline { background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }
.tline .sec-title { color: #fff; }
.tline .t-light { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5); }
.tline__head { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 32px; }
.tline__btns { display: flex; gap: 8px; }
.tline__btns button { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 46px; height: 46px; border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .5); border-radius: 50%; background: none; color: #fff; font-size: 1.125rem; cursor: pointer; }
.tline__btns button:hover { background: var(--c-lime); border-color: var(--c-lime); color: var(--c-ink); }
.tl { display: flex; overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; scroll-behavior: smooth; padding-bottom: 16px; scrollbar-width: thin; scrollbar-color: var(--c-lime) transparent; }
.tl:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--c-lime); outline-offset: 4px; }
.tl__item { flex: 0 0 clamp(230px, 24vw, 300px); display: grid; gap: 14px; align-content: start; padding-right: 28px; scroll-snap-align: start; }
.tl__y { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 300; font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 1.6rem + 2.4vw, 4rem); line-height: 1; letter-spacing: -0.04em; color: var(--c-lime); }
.tl__dot { position: relative; display: block; height: 2px; margin-right: -28px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .22); }
.tl__dot::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: -6px; width: 14px; height: 14px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--c-lime); }
.tl__item p { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82); }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .tl { scroll-behavior: auto; } }

/* ---------- 연구: 큰 번호 줄 목록 ---------- */
.rrows { border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.rrow--li { --fc: var(--c-li); } .rrow--na { --fc: var(--c-na); } .rrow--ss { --fc: var(--c-ss); }
.rrow a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: clamp(80px, 10vw, 150px) minmax(0, 1fr) auto auto 52px; align-items: center; gap: 24px; padding: 30px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); color: var(--c-ink); }
.rrow__n { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(3rem, 1.6rem + 4vw, 6rem); line-height: .9; letter-spacing: -0.05em; color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke: 1.5px var(--c-ink); transition: color .3s; }
.rrow a:hover .rrow__n, .rrow a:focus-visible .rrow__n { color: var(--fc); }
.rrow__body { display: grid; gap: 4px; }
.rrow__en { font-size: .75rem; letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--c-muted); }
.rrow__t { font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 1.1rem + .9vw, 1.875rem); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.04em; }
.rrow__d { color: var(--c-text); }
.rrow__els { display: flex; gap: 4px; }
.rrow__meta { font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--c-muted); white-space: nowrap; }
.rrow__go { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 52px; height: 52px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-ink); font-size: 1.25rem; transition: background-color .25s, color .25s; }
.rrow a:hover .rrow__go { background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }
@media (max-width: 899px) { .rrow a { grid-template-columns: 64px minmax(0, 1fr) 44px; gap: 14px; padding: 22px 0; } .rrow__els, .rrow__meta { display: none; } .rrow__go { width: 44px; height: 44px; } }
.mini-el { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 36px; height: 36px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; font-size: .875rem; }
.mini-el--li { background: var(--c-li); } .mini-el--na { background: var(--c-na); color: #fff; } .mini-el--ss { background: var(--c-ss); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- 원소 타일 ---------- */
.ptable { background: var(--c-surface); }
.els { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 160px), 1fr)); gap: 8px; }
.el { display: grid; grid-template-rows: auto auto auto 1fr; gap: 2px; min-height: 180px; padding: 12px 14px 14px; border: 2px solid var(--c-ink); border-top-width: 10px; background: #fff; transition: transform .25s var(--ease), box-shadow .25s; }
.el--li { border-top-color: var(--c-li); } .el--na { border-top-color: var(--c-na); } .el--ss { border-top-color: var(--c-ss); }
.el:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 6px 6px 0 var(--c-ink); }
.el__no { font-size: .75rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.el__sym { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 1.8rem + 1vw, 3rem); line-height: 1.05; letter-spacing: -0.03em; }
.el__name { font-weight: 700; font-size: .875rem; }
.el__role { align-self: end; font-size: .8125rem; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--c-muted); }

/* ---------- 구성원: 책임교수 큰 판 + 구성원 고른 격자 (2026-10-29 사용자 지시 「센터에 맞춰서 좀더 키게」) ---------- */
.pteam { display: grid; gap: 28px; }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .pteam { grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 360px) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; align-items: center; } }
.pfeat { display: grid; justify-items: start; gap: 6px; padding: 28px; border: 2px solid var(--c-ink); border-top-width: 10px; border-top-color: var(--c-li); }
.pfeat__face { display: block; width: 180px; height: 180px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 50%; background: #EEF0F4; }
.pfeat__face svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.pfeat__role { font-size: .75rem; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--c-primary); }
.pfeat__name { font-size: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.04em; }
.pfeat__name small { margin-left: 8px; font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--c-muted); }
.pfeat__topic { color: var(--c-text); }
.pfeat__mail { font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-ink); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.ps { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 28px 16px; }
@media (min-width: 640px) { .ps { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.ps__item { display: grid; justify-items: center; align-content: start; gap: 2px; text-align: center; }
.ps__face { display: block; width: clamp(112px, 11vw, 150px); height: clamp(112px, 11vw, 150px); margin-bottom: 12px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 50%; border: 5px solid var(--c-ink); background: #EEF0F4; transition: transform .3s var(--ease); }
.ps__face--li { border-color: var(--c-li); } .ps__face--na { border-color: var(--c-na); } .ps__face--ss { border-color: var(--c-ss); }
.ps__item:hover .ps__face { transform: translateY(-4px); }
.ps__face svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.ps__item b { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
.ps__role { font-size: .8125rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-primary); }
.ps__topic { font-size: .875rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
/* ---------- 소식 + 라임 문의 판 ---------- */
.aend__grid { display: grid; gap: 32px; }
@media (min-width: 960px) { .aend__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, 1fr); align-items: stretch; } }
.nlist { margin: 18px 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.nlist a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 86px minmax(0, 1fr); align-items: center; gap: 16px; padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-ink); }
.nlist a:hover span:last-child { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; }
.nd { display: grid; }
.nd b { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1; }
.nd span { font-size: .6875rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.abig { position: relative; display: grid; align-content: end; gap: 10px; min-height: 300px; padding: 32px; border-radius: 4px; border-left: 6px solid var(--c-lime); background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }   /* 큰 라임 면은 눈이 아프다(사용자) — 남흑 판 + 라임은 선·화살표만 */
.abig .mono { font-size: .75rem; letter-spacing: .14em; color: var(--c-lime); }
.abig > span:last-of-type { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72); }
.abig b { font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 1.2rem + 1.6vw, 2.75rem); font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -0.045em; }
.abig i { position: absolute; right: 26px; top: 20px; font-style: normal; font-size: 2.25rem; color: var(--c-lime); transition: transform .25s var(--ease); }
.abig:hover i { transform: translate(5px, -5px); }

/* ---------- 서브 머리: 테두리 글자 대형 영문 + 쪽 제목 + 분할 단추(2차 메뉴) ---------- */
.phead { padding: clamp(36px, 5vw, 72px) 0 36px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); background: #fff; }
.phead .breadcrumb, .phead .breadcrumb a, .phead .breadcrumb li { color: var(--c-muted); }
.phead .breadcrumb ol { justify-content: flex-start; }
.phead .breadcrumb [aria-current="page"] { color: var(--c-ink); font-weight: 700; }
.phead__en { margin-top: 16px; font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(3.25rem, 1rem + 8.5vw, 9rem); line-height: .9; letter-spacing: -0.05em; color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke: 1.5px var(--c-ink); }
.phead--about .phead__en, .phead--news .phead__en { -webkit-text-stroke-color: var(--c-ink); }
.phead--research .phead__en { text-shadow: 6px 6px 0 rgba(75, 59, 255, .14); }
.phead--people .phead__en { text-shadow: 6px 6px 0 rgba(255, 46, 99, .16); }
.phead--pubs .phead__en, .phead--about .phead__en { text-shadow: 6px 6px 0 rgba(182, 245, 0, .45); }
.phead__title { margin-top: 18px; font-size: clamp(1.875rem, 1.3rem + 1.8vw, 2.875rem); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.04em; color: var(--c-ink); }
.phead__desc { margin-top: 10px; max-width: 46em; font-size: var(--fs-lead); color: var(--c-text); }
.phead__upd { margin-top: 6px; font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.seg { margin-top: 26px; }
.seg ul { display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px; padding: 4px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-ink); border-radius: 999px; }
.seg a { display: block; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 999px; font-weight: 700; font-size: .9375rem; color: var(--c-ink); white-space: nowrap; }
.seg a:hover { background: var(--c-surface); }
.seg a[aria-current="page"] { background: var(--c-lime); }
@media (max-width: 767px) { .seg ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; border-radius: 16px; } .seg a { padding: 9px 14px; } }
.page { padding-block: clamp(40px, 5vw, 72px) clamp(64px, 8vw, 112px); }

/* ---------- 연구 개요: 충방전 곡선 ---------- */
.cv__head { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.cv__grid2 { display: grid; gap: 18px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .cv__grid2 { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; } }
.cv__fig { margin: 0; padding: 12px; border: 2px solid var(--c-ink); background: #fff; }
.cv__fig svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.cv__grid { stroke: #E3E6EE; stroke-width: 1; }
.cv__ax { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 11px; fill: var(--c-muted); }
.cv__m path { fill: none; stroke-width: 4; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; }
.cv__m .cv__c { stroke-width: 2.5; stroke-dasharray: 7 6; opacity: .75; }
html.js .cv__m { opacity: 0; transition: opacity .35s; }
html.js .cv__m.is-on { opacity: 1; }
.cv__stat { margin: 0; border: 2px solid var(--c-ink); background: #fff; }
.cv__stat > div { padding: 16px 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); }
.cv__stat > div:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.cv__stat dt { font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.cv__stat dd { margin: 2px 0 0; }
.cv__stat b { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 2.25rem; letter-spacing: -0.03em; }
.cv__note dd { font-size: .9375rem; color: var(--c-text); }
.cv__table { margin-top: 24px; }
.cv__table tr.is-on th { color: var(--c-primary); }
.fbands { margin-top: clamp(48px, 6vw, 88px); }
.fband { display: grid; gap: 24px; padding: 36px 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-h) + var(--sample-banner-h, 0px) + 24px); }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { .fband { grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr) 380px; } }
.fband__n { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 4.5rem; line-height: .9; color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke: 1.5px var(--c-ink); }
.fband--li .fband__n { -webkit-text-stroke-color: #6E9400; } .fband--na .fband__n { -webkit-text-stroke-color: var(--c-na); } .fband--ss .fband__n { -webkit-text-stroke-color: var(--c-ss); }
.fband h2 { font-size: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.04em; }
.fband h2 span { display: block; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 400; color: var(--c-muted); }
.fband p { margin-top: 8px; color: var(--c-text); }
.fband__projs { display: grid; gap: 6px; margin: 16px 0; }
.fband__projs li { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
.fband__projs .mono { font-size: .75rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.fband__img { margin: 0; aspect-ratio: 3 / 2; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 4px; }
.fband__img img, .media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.st { display: inline-block; padding: 0 8px; border-radius: 999px; font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.7; background: var(--c-gray); color: var(--c-muted); }
.st--on { background: var(--c-primary-soft); color: var(--c-primary); }
.st--plan { background: #fff; border: 1px dashed var(--c-line-strong); }

/* 분야 상세 */
.fhero .media { margin: 0; aspect-ratio: 21 / 9; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 4px; }
.fhero__els { display: flex; gap: 6px; margin-top: 12px; }
.fsec { margin-top: clamp(40px, 5vw, 64px); }
.fsec .sec-title { margin-bottom: 16px; font-size: var(--fs-h3); }
.qlist { border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.qlist li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 10px; padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; }
.qlist .mono { color: var(--c-primary); }
.mlist { display: grid; gap: 10px; margin: 0; }
@media (min-width: 768px) { .mlist { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.mlist div { padding: 20px; border-top: 4px solid var(--c-ink); background: var(--c-surface); }
.mlist dt { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: .75rem; color: var(--c-primary); }
.mlist dd { margin: 4px 0 0; font-weight: 700; }

/* 장비 · 특허·코드 */
.eqs { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 300px), 1fr)); border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); border-left: 1px solid var(--c-line); }
.eq { display: grid; gap: 8px; align-content: start; padding: 28px 24px; border-right: 1px solid var(--c-line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); }
.eq__n { font-family: var(--font-display); font-weight: 300; font-size: 3rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--c-primary); }
.eq h2 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 800; }
.eq h2 span { display: block; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 400; color: var(--c-muted); }
.eq__spec { font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--c-primary); }
.codes { display: grid; gap: 10px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .codes { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.code { display: grid; gap: 6px; align-content: start; padding: 22px; border: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.code__name { font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-primary); }
.code__spec { font-size: .75rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.code .linklike { justify-self: start; }

/* 표 — 휴대폰에서는 행마다 카드처럼 */
.lab-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); font-size: .9688rem; }
.lab-table th, .lab-table td { padding: 14px 14px 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; }
.lab-table thead th { font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .lab-table thead { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); }
  .lab-table, .lab-table tbody, .lab-table tr, .lab-table td, .lab-table th { display: block; }
  .lab-table tr { padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); }
  .lab-table td, .lab-table th { padding: 2px 0; border: 0; }
  .lab-table td[data-label]::before { content: attr(data-label); display: inline-block; min-width: 3.4em; margin-right: 8px; font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
}

/* 분야 꼬리표·칩 */
.ftag { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; margin-right: 6px; font-size: .8125rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--c-ink); white-space: nowrap; }
.ftag i, .chip i { display: inline-block; width: 10px; height: 10px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-ink); }
.ftag--li i, .chip--li i { background: var(--c-li); } .ftag--na i, .chip--na i { background: var(--c-na); } .ftag--ss i, .chip--ss i { background: var(--c-ss); }
.pcard__back .ftag { color: #fff; }
.chips { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
.chip { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; min-height: 42px; padding: 0 16px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-line-strong); border-radius: 999px; background: #fff; font: inherit; font-size: .9375rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--c-ink); cursor: pointer; }
.chip[aria-pressed="true"] { border-color: var(--c-ink); background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }
.ptag { display: inline-block; padding: 0 8px; border: 1px solid var(--c-line-strong); border-radius: 999px; font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--c-muted); }
.ptag--new { border-color: var(--c-na); background: var(--c-na); color: #fff; }

/* 논문 — 연도별 묶음 + 유형 탭 + 연도 바로가기 + 항목(번호·따옴표 제목·LINK/PDF) */
.pubs { border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.pub { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 3.2em minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 4px 18px; padding: 22px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); }
.pub__no { padding-top: 3px; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-muted); }
.pub__title { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--c-ink); }
.pub__title a { color: var(--c-ink); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px; text-underline-offset: .22em; }
.pub__title a:hover { color: var(--c-primary); }
.pub__meta { margin-top: 4px; font-size: .9375rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.pub__meta b { color: var(--c-ink); }
.pub__meta sup { font-size: .7em; color: var(--c-na); }
.pub__foot { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 10px 16px; margin-top: 10px; }
.pub__tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.pub__btns { display: flex; gap: 6px; margin-left: auto; }
.pbtn-l { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; min-height: 36px; padding: 0 14px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-line-strong); border-radius: 999px; background: #fff; font: 600 .75rem var(--font-mono); letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--c-ink); cursor: pointer; }
.pbtn-l svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; }
.pbtn-l:hover { border-color: var(--c-ink); background: var(--c-lime); }
.pub__type { display: inline-block; padding: 1px 8px; border: 1.5px solid transparent; border-radius: 3px; font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.4; }
.pub__type--ij { background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; }
.pub__type--ic { border-color: var(--c-ink); color: var(--c-ink); }
.pub__type--dj { background: var(--c-primary-soft); color: var(--c-primary); }
.pub__type--dc { border-color: var(--c-primary); border-style: dashed; color: var(--c-primary); }
@media (max-width: 639px) { .pub { grid-template-columns: 2.4em minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 4px 10px; } .pub__btns { margin-left: 0; } }
.ptabs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; min-width: 0; margin-bottom: 18px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.ptab { position: relative; min-height: 52px; padding: 0 18px; border: 0; background: none; font: inherit; font-weight: 700; color: var(--c-muted); cursor: pointer; }
.ptab span { margin-left: 4px; font-size: .75rem; }
.ptab:hover, .ptab[aria-pressed="true"] { color: var(--c-ink); }
.ptab[aria-pressed="true"]::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -2px; height: 5px; background: var(--c-lime); }
@media (max-width: 639px) { .ptabs { flex-wrap: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; } .ptab { flex: none; padding: 0 12px; } }
.pubtools { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 14px; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.search input { min-height: 44px; width: min(100%, 300px); padding: 0 16px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-line-strong); border-radius: 999px; font: inherit; }
.pubcount { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: .9375rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.empty { padding: 28px 0; color: var(--c-muted); }
.pubyears { display: grid; gap: 24px; }
.pubyears > * { min-width: 0; }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { .pubyears { grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 44px; } .yidx { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--sample-banner-h, 0px) + 24px); align-self: start; } }
.yidx__t { margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: .75rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.yidx ol { display: flex; gap: 6px; overflow-x: auto; }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { .yidx ol { display: grid; gap: 4px; overflow: visible; } }
.yidx a { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 14px; min-height: 42px; padding: 0 12px; border: 1.5px solid var(--c-ink); font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; color: var(--c-ink); }
.yidx a span:last-child { font-size: .75rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.yidx a:hover, .yidx a.is-current { background: var(--c-lime); }
.yidx li.is-empty { display: none; }
.pyear { scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-h) + var(--sample-banner-h, 0px) + 20px); }
.pyear + .pyear { margin-top: 40px; }
.pyear__head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 1.4rem + 1vw, 2.5rem); font-weight: 700; color: var(--c-ink); }
.pyear__n { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-muted); }

/* 소개 · 원칙 · 구성원 · FAQ · 문의 */
.intro__media--art { padding: 0; }
.intro__media--art .media { position: static; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 3 / 2; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: none; }
.ways { display: grid; gap: 12px; }
@media (min-width: 720px) { .ways { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { .ways { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.ways li { display: grid; gap: 8px; align-content: start; padding: 22px; border: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.ways__n { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 300; color: var(--c-primary); }
.ways h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.03em; }
.ways p { font-size: .9375rem; color: var(--c-text); }
.people-group + .people-group { margin-top: 44px; }
.people-group__title { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 10px; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--c-ink); font-size: var(--fs-h3); font-weight: 800; }
.people-group__title span { font-size: .875rem; color: var(--c-muted); }
.pcard__back { background: var(--c-ink); }
.pcard__badge { background: var(--c-lime); color: var(--c-ink); }
.qas { border-top: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.qa { padding: 22px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-line); }
.qa__q { display: flex; gap: 12px; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.qa__q::before { content: "Q"; flex: none; font-family: var(--font-mono); color: var(--c-primary); }
.qa__a { margin-top: 8px; padding-left: 1.6em; color: var(--c-text); }
.contact { margin-top: clamp(40px, 6vw, 72px); scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-h) + var(--sample-banner-h, 0px) + 24px); }
.contact__grid { display: grid; gap: 12px; margin-top: 18px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .contact__grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.contact__item { display: grid; gap: 8px; align-content: start; padding: 22px; border: 2px solid var(--c-ink); }
.contact__k { font-size: .8125rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--c-primary); }
.contact__item a { font-weight: 700; color: var(--c-ink); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

/* 바닥글 */
.site-footer__lines { display: flex; gap: 6px; }
.fl { display: block; width: 40px; height: 6px; }
.fl--li { background: var(--c-li); } .fl--na { background: var(--c-na); } .fl--ss { background: var(--c-ss); }

/* 알림 */
.amp-toast { position: fixed; left: 50%; bottom: 24px; z-index: 300; max-width: calc(100% - 32px); padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 4px; background: var(--c-ink); color: #fff; font-size: .9375rem; transform: translate(-50%, 12px); opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; transition: opacity .2s, transform .2s; }
.amp-toast.is-on { opacity: 1; transform: translate(-50%, 0); }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .amp-toast { left: calc(50% + var(--aside-w) / 2); } }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .ion { animation: none !important; }
  .el:hover { transform: none; }
  .ly, .cv__m, .snav__sub { transition: none !important; }
  .amp-toast { transform: translate(-50%, 0); }
}